The Caretaker Of Rosie s Heart Essay - 856 Words

The Caretaker of Rosie’s Heart The freckles on her cheeks looked as if a tiny fairy had left a single tea-stained kiss there, then decided that the first one looked lonely, and placed another beside it. Their skin pressed together while the light pushed through the blinds. His eyes opened to see the trees shed their first dying leaves across the road. He felt safe next to her. The soft chime of metal woke her. Her plush, tawny lips parted, exposing porcelain teeth. He brushed the hair back from her forehead and kissed her on the nose. She bubbled with laughter. All bright eyes and rosy cheeks. He left for work, the house seemed smaller when he returned. Rosie’s depression is like a rolling dice, she’ll never know which side of it she’ll get. All 6 sides hold different dangers and emotions. Rosie doesn’t get to choose. Each time he opened the door, he was greeted by a different Rosie. Some days he is acquainted with colder, stiffer, darker Rosie. Her eyes full of hidden truths, reflecting clouds to distract from the secrets of the earth. Rosie stacked all of her past lives into storage sheds. Today he was there on the day she remembered. He stood behind her, holding each of her hands in his, and whispered in her ear. â€Å"Rosie?† he spoke softly. Her eyes were hard beneath her smudged makeup. Her hands shook as she reached forward and took him in her arms. She was limp, lifeless, and cold. So cold. A part of her was gone. She wanted to take everything back. Make it so he didn’tShow MoreRelatedVernon, Or Vern, By His Mother Inherited The Blackstone Farm1322 Words   |  6 Pagesgrandmother, Rosie Armstrong. When his maternal grandfather, Bob Armstrong died in 1958, his mother inherited the Blackstone farm. As a consequence Vern became a farmer and person of note on the lake. He was a colourful, controversial and a larger than life character with a â€Å"twinkle in his eyes†. He also loved to play the fiddle. There are many stories but the following illustrates a bit of this interesting farmer, backwoodsman and above all pragmatic figure. Vern was the second caretaker that the LenihansRead MoreIndo Anglian Literature3627 Words   |  15 Pagesrefers to the body of work by writers in India who write in the English language and whose native or co-native language could be one of the numerous languages of India. It is also associated with the works of members of the Indian diaspora, such as V. S. Naipaul, Kiran Desai, Jhumpa Lahiri who are of Indian descent. It is frequently referred to as Indo-Anglian literature. (Indo-Anglian is a specific term in the sole context of writing that should not be confused with the term Anglo-Indian). As a categoryRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesStrategic Marketing Management Dedication This book is dedicated to the authors’ wives – Gillian and Rosie – and to Ben Gilligan for their support while it was being written. Acknowledgements Our thanks go to Janice Nunn for all the effort that she put in to the preparation of the manuscript. Strategic Marketing Management Planning, implementation and control Third edition Richard M.S. Wilson Emeritus Professor of Business Administration The Business School Loughborough University

The Regional Public Health Office - 1301 Words

The regional public health office will be assembled to meet the needs of Chula City, to provide programs and community interventions that administer evidence-based prevention and healthcare services to improve the health of the population. The new public health office will be guided by the key functions necessary for public health services to include; (1) monitoring of health of the population, (2) diagnose and investigate health problems in the community, (3) mobilize partners to solve health problems, (4) develop plans and policies for health, (5) enforce laws and requirements for safety and health, (6) inform and educate the community on health issues, (7) assure that the workforce is competent, (8) link people to other services that†¦show more content†¦With this intention, local public health offices in the surrounding area have agreed to provide training and services as needed for emergency preparedness and drug/alcohol programs. Moreover, other programs and services w ill be contracted out; lab services for HIV/TB/STD screening and cancer screening, treatment of HIV/AIDS/TB, and lead inspection regulation program (NACCHO, 2008). Budget Justification Regional in Kind: Operational/Infrastructure and Staff The regional public health office will absorb the costs associated with operations and materials associated with programs; this would include HIV testing materials, immunization supplies, program supplies, primary healthcare, child and maternal health, population based primary prevention to include child and maternal health. Emergency preparedness coordinator is not included in the proposed staff, since the regional office has determined that they have the capacity to assist if needed, provide training, and will be doing outreach in Chula City as a regional effort. Budgeted Staff .75 FTE Public Health Physician: responsible for overseeing primary, child and maternal health clinical services that is associated with clinic visits and referrals. This person will be the health practitioner for the clinic and is also responsible for providing expertise to the communicable/infectious disease programShow MoreRelatedStaffing Program For A Public Health Office851 Words   |  4 PagesStaffing Program for a Public Health District Office The following budget and staffing plan will fund a regional public health office that will not only provide basic public health services for 250,000 residents living in rural, southwest New Mexico, but will also fund a primary care clinic and mobile medical clinic to meet the unique needs of community’s agriculture workforce, including 60,000 seasonal, Spanish-speaking, migrant laborers. There is one local hospital in the region that is theRead MoreCritical Infrastructure Protection1140 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Critical Infrastructure Protection Introduction The importance of protecting the U.S. national infrastructure cannot be overstated. The protection of critical infrastructure is †¦essential to the nations security, public health and safety, economic vitality, and way of life, according to the National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP). This paper delves into the mission and responsibilities of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, and references other sources related to infrastructureRead MoreOutline the Responsiblities of the Different Levels of Government in the Uk.783 Words   |  4 Pagescould be changed for the better. The public services response times are set by central government as there are different times for each public service so that the services reach the destination in an appropriate time. This puts a lot of pressure on the public services as they want to meet there set time and not face life changing outcomes for not being on target. Local authorities such as the county and city councils have roles such as education, libraries, public transport, emergency planning whichRead MoreThe Community Health Outreach Session Utilizing Automated Blood Pressure Cuff797 Words   |  4 Pagesaudience to change their behavior. The community health outreach session utilizing automated blood pressure cuff should increase the individual s health awareness and self-confident. As the behavioral changes, hope to target is to reduce CVD morbidity through health awareness. Since culture, culture sensitivity and communication barriers are alleviated through a native sign language user, this should increase CVD health awareness, and health literacy in hope to increase life expectancy of a DHOHRead MoreMercury And Air Toxics Standards1593 Words   |  7 Pages4700 heart attacks, and 130,000 asthma attacks each year. These standards are achievable, and they comply with a law that has been out there for around 20 years. EPA worked with many stakeholders, including public, environmental, and health groups and industry. They received over 900,000 public comments that helped to inform the final standard. In the United States there are no national limits on the emissions of mercury and other toxics from power plants. These toxics can cause damage to the developingRead MoreWk 6 Assignment Ethics Social Justice Deutsch T 1 Essay1246 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Week 6 Assignment Deutsch, Tina M Walden University The ethical issues that were identified in the case study of Guerrilla Government in EPA’s Seattle Regional Office were cumbersome. The first of many to create unethical situations was the administrator of EPA’s Seattle regional office in 1981, John Spencer. His staff remembers his tenure for all the unethical actions he took such as using tax payer’s money to buy a membership for the EPA in the Chamber of Commerce (O’LearyRead MoreDisasters Caused Destruction On The Health Of The Public1290 Words   |  6 Pagesradical groups are more likely to use the massive disasters in a pursuit of political aims. Disasters cause many physical, psychological, economic and social effects on individuals and communities. Many of those effects have consequences on the health of the public. Various disasters, can also increase the probability of communicable diseases and ecological hazards, but also destruction of the healthcare infrastructure of the country, and long-las ting psychological effects. Disasters have five cyclicRead MoreCdc : Offices On Women s Health1431 Words   |  6 PagesCDC: Offices on Women’s Health (OWH) Vision Statement: Safe and healthy women and girls in every stage of life. (cdc.gov/women) Mission: Advance the health and safety of women and girls with a focus on disease prevention and wellness. (cdc.gov/women) The Office of Women’s Health (OWH) works within and outside the agency to raise awareness of women s health and to promote programs, research, policies, and strategies that will improve the health and safety of women and girls. Although OWH was createdRead MoreCommunication And Provision Of Information1589 Words   |  7 Pages5.4.5. Communication and Provision of information As data are collected, they will be analyzed, summarized and provided to the Office of Risk Communication and Education (ORCE) or VDH leadership as requested. Information will be presented through immediate notification of significant findings and then likely transition to daily (or multiple times per day) reports. VDH leadership may establish a centralized depot for file and report sharing through the HAN and grant access to those folders basedRead MorePaul Muzhuthett Is The Regional Director Of The Massachusetts Department Of Public Health1322 Words   |  6 Pages Paul Muzhuthett is the Regional Director of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health. He also is the President and Chief Executive Officer for Muzhuthett Charitable Trust. It is a non-profit organization that he formed to carry out charitable work in India. The organization focuses on training, community revitalization, medical and financial assistance. He was born and grew up in India in a typical Indian family. Paul finished high school in his home town, Carrala, and then he decided to continue

How I Became Hettie Jones with Two Secondary Sources… Free Essays

How I Became Hettie Jones. The skin color of a person used to be a big issue in America, which appeared to have been resolved; however, it is still a big issue today. Although there is no longer slavery, a number of people continue to act in a racist fashion. We will write a custom essay sample on How I Became Hettie Jones with Two Secondary Sources†¦ or any similar topic only for you Order Now They pass on these thoughts of prejudice and racism to their children, who then pass it on to their children and so forth, therefore it becomes extremely difficult to prevent it. Prejudice is an unfavorable opinion or feeling formed beforehand or without knowledge, thought, or reason. There are still numerous stereotypes that can be associated with a person’s skin color. Stereotypes are regarded as embodying or conforming to a set image or type. However, there is not only prejudice towards the black community, but also a prejudice against the white community. Hettie Jones tells the story of her life as an unconventional woman during the 50s and 60s, struggling to find her place and role in the world in New York City during the Beat generation. She was originally born as Hettie Cohen. This changed after meeting a fellow employee destined to become her spouse. She knew that their romance would cause criticism and discomfort with some people, as any interracial romances with â€Å"Negros† would at the time. He simply had too much going for him, being a â€Å"warm, funny, voluble, tender, wildly ambitious, supremely confident†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Hettie became pregnant twice, one child aborted, the other she kept as the two wed. Both of their parents were simply heartbroken to hear about them being together. Ultimately however, the Jones family gave Hettie acceptance, welcoming a white daughter-in-law to the family. As for Hettie Jones, she did not consider herself white, because she didn’t know what that meant anyways which is the reason that made her marry a black person even if everybody around her gave her weird looks. She quoted â€Å" For being someone these people could not influence, or hold, forgive me, but this is America†¦.. Sometimes you have to go on the road. †(62). But after their first major fight, during which Roi slaps her, Hettie notes, â€Å"Do you see race in this? Have you forgotten? It would get worse. † Many years and two children later, it does: under the influence of the Black Power movement, Roi grows increasingly ambivalent about the fact of his wife’s race, finally refusing to take her to the opening of his play, Dutchman. The marriage, mirroring the times, dissolves; as Jones notes: â€Å"It fit right in with dissolving black-white political alliances. † In Andrew Hacker’s book, Two Nations:Black and White, Separate, Hostile, Unequal. Hacker argues that blacks and whites live in two different worlds. Hacker believes that race plays a larger role in America than it does anywhere else in the world. The title has many sources and foreshadows some of the conclusions he makes in the book. The â€Å"Two Nations†being discussed are the White nation and the African-American (Black) nation. It has been said many times in history that the two major races in this country have been separate, hostile and unequal. This book is Hacker’s opinion as to the real dimensions of race and how it controls lives and divides society. The integration issue was raised in the chapter of the book: Being Black in America. In thischapter, the author tries to describe in detail what an African-American goes through and has to deal with simply because of the color of his/her skin. Hacker illustrates how black people feel they are looked at and treated by white America. He seems to really want to stress to white people that they should try to see things from a black perspective. He wants whites to try to imagine what it is like to have a stigma attached to you because of the color of your skin. He talks about issues that range from housing, to police, to their family structure, to blatant discrimination, to having to explain and defend themselves (and sometimes all blacks in general) intellectually to white people. How to cite How I Became Hettie Jones with Two Secondary Sources†¦, Papers

Leisure Essay Example For Students

Leisure Essay Leisure is defined as freedom from the demands of work or duty. Everybodyneeds leisure in their lives, to balance the stress of work and life. Leisure helpsre-energize and relax people, so they can perform activities well in their lives. Peopleuse their free time (leisure time) in a variety of different ways; engaging in outdooractivities, entertainment like watching movies or television, or just having time tothemselves.. Another activity people enjoy doing is just socializing with family andfriends. Leisure is an essential part of our lives, and the only problem with leisure iswhen can we enjoy it? In our society we have a hard time finding time to relax and takeThe amount of leisure time a person has can be related to the type of person thatcertain individual is. There are many factors in which you can take in account: age, marital status, gender, families, etc. These factors figure into the certain stage of apersons life. There are three stages, beginning, mid-career, and near-re tirement. Thebeginning stage involves people from the ages ranging from 19-30 years old. Theseindividuals are just beginning their careers and are striving to be successful. They spendmore time focusing on their job, trying to find ways to advance, and less time relaxingand enjoying leisure time. They compensate their leisure time for their careers. Mid-career stage includes individuals ranging from 30-50 years old. In this stage peoplehave been in their field for some years and are settled down with families. In this time oftheir lives they will be looking for more leisure time, because they are going to want timeaway from work and time to be with their families. They basically know what theirstatus is at their job and now find time to slow down and start focusing on other aspectsin their lives. They might do this by cutting back on the hours they work a week. Thenear-retirement stage are individuals ranging from the ages of 50 and up. These peopleare on the verge of retirement and are planning what to do with the rest of their lives. After their careers are over they are going to have nothing but time on they hands. At thispoint of there careers they are working lesser hours and responsibility at their job isdecreasing. This helps make the transition from working to retirement much easier. I made a survey and issued it to three people who fall into the three stages. Thesurvey consisted of a variety of question like age, gender, occupation, wages, leisuretime, and activities. The first individual who took the survey fell into the beginning stage. This person is a twenty one year old black male. He is a full time student at Illinois Stateand workers part time as a life guard at a indoor pool. He is not married and has nochildren. He works twenty plus hours a week and only makes $6.30 a hour. He worksfive days a week, but sometimes takes morning shifts on Saturdays. He consideredleisure as any time away from work and school. He said he does not get a lot of lei suretime, because he does not have any time to just relax. He has class all morning then inthe evening he works and comes home and studies. The only leisure time he has is overthe weekends.That time does not compensate for the stressful hours of work and schoolduring the week. The survey of this individual from the beginning stage has shown methat being a full time study and working part time, leaves basically no leisure time. Also,shows how people in the beginning stage have no time to relax, because their schedulesNext I gave a survey to an individual in the mid-career stage. This individual wasa forty year old Black male. He is married and has four children who ages range fromnineteen to twenty six years old. He works construction and earns $40 plus an hour andworks 30 hours a week. He said he has leisure and he uses it. He goes to bars withCO-workers after work some days, or comes home and socializes with his family. Hesaid his leisure time is any time with family and friends an d away from work. He said heprobably spends three days during the week doing leisure activities for a few hours. Heworks to provide for his family so that they can enjoy life. He values his leisure time,because it take his mind away from all his responsibilities. .udfe7aaa9854d67528f25cb4a2ed684ab , .udfe7aaa9854d67528f25cb4a2ed684ab .postImageUrl , .udfe7aaa9854d67528f25cb4a2ed684ab .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udfe7aaa9854d67528f25cb4a2ed684ab , .udfe7aaa9854d67528f25cb4a2ed684ab:hover , .udfe7aaa9854d67528f25cb4a2ed684ab:visited , .udfe7aaa9854d67528f25cb4a2ed684ab:active { border:0!important; } .udfe7aaa9854d67528f25cb4a2ed684ab .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udfe7aaa9854d67528f25cb4a2ed684ab { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udfe7aaa9854d67528f25cb4a2ed684ab:active , .udfe7aaa9854d67528f25cb4a2ed684ab:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udfe7aaa9854d67528f25cb4a2ed684ab .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udfe7aaa9854d67528f25cb4a2ed684ab .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udfe7aaa9854d67528f25cb4a2ed684ab .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udfe7aaa9854d67528f25cb4a2ed684ab .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udfe7aaa9854d67528f25cb4a2ed684ab:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udfe7aaa9854d67528f25cb4a2ed684ab .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udfe7aaa9854d67528f25cb4a2ed684ab .udfe7aaa9854d67528f25cb4a2ed684ab-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udfe7aaa9854d67528f25cb4a2ed684ab:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bill Gates: Biography Essay The final stage is the near-retirement stage. In this stage an individual is justabout to call their career quits. The individual who took the survey is a white sixty yearold female, married with three children. She is a nurse and only works twenty five hoursa week. when she not working she is working in her garden, or doing things around herhouse. She considers that her leisure time and she says she has a lot of it. She said shehas leisure time everyday to either kick back and read a book, or just relax. She said shecannot wait to retire and go done to Florida and live on the beach. The main thing shesaid about retirement will be not having anymore stressful responsibilities she got fromOut of the three stages I have found out that the beginning stage is the moststressful and takes up a lot of your time. There is a positive, because it seems to getbetter over the years. During the mid-career stage peoples focuses change, becausework is not the focal point of their lives. Families ar e getting started and that now shiftsa persons focus. During this stage, like I said before work is not the only priority, nowpeople are looking to take that vacation and taking shorter hours to be able to relax andspend time with their family. The near retirement stage is the best time to catch up onyour leisure time. People are not working long hours, they spending more time doingother activities. In this stage of a persons life they are trying to finalize what they aregoing to do with all their free time. The stages basically go from no time to a whole lotof free time. Leisure is important in our society, because it helps people escape from theirresponsibilities of work or other stressful things. Bibliography:

Claudius & Hamlet, Would The Inhumane And Sick Character Please Step F

Claudius & Hamlet, would the inhumane and sick character please step forth. Upon reading the sampling of "Hamlet" criticisms in John Jump's "Hamlet (Selections)" I disagreed with a few of the critics, but my analysis was the most different from Wilson Knight's interpretation. He labels Hamlet as "a sick, cynical, and inhumane prince" (Jump, 124) who vitiated a Denmark which was "one of healthy and robust life, good-nature, humor, romantic strength, and welfare." In his book, The Wheel of Fire, he continues this line of thought to conclude that Claudius is "a good and gentle king, enmeshed by the chain of causality linking him with his crime. And this chain he might, perhaps, have broken except for Hamlet" (Jump, 125). Although Knight's views of Hamlet and Claudius are almost the extreme opposite of my interpretation, I understand how he developed this interpretation. Hamlet becomes sick and cynical after the death of his father, whom he greatly admired, and the hasty remarriage of his mother to his uncle. Hamlet thinks his father was an "excellent king," who loved his mother so much "that he may might not beteem the winds of heaven/ Visit her face to roughly" (I, ii, 140-141). However, his mother mourned for "a little month" and then she married a man who was "no more like [his] father/ Than [he] to Hercules" (I, ii, 153-152). These extraordinary events cause him to launch into a state of melancholy and depression in which he desires "that this too too solid flesh would melt" (I, ii, 129). In this melancholy, Hamlet loses becomes disenchanted with life, and to him the world seems "weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable" (I, ii, 133). Later in the most famous of his soliloquy's, Hamlet contemplates c ommitting suicide because he is troubled by "the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune" (III, i, 58). His disinterest for life, and his wishes for death are a definite indications of Hamlet's sickness. Hamlet's sickness is also shown through his strong relationship, bordering on obsession, with his mother. Throughout the play he constantly worries about her, and becomes angry when thinking of her relationship with Claudius. In his first soliloquy, Hamlet becomes enraged when he thinks about her "incestuous sheet," and in frustration he makes the irrational generalization that, "Frailty, thy name is woman!" (I, ii, 146). In the closet scene, Hamlet treats his mother cruelly, and he accuses her of being involved in the plot to kill his father. Once again, he dwells on her "enseam'd bed/ Stew'd in corruption" (III, iv, 92-93). In his parting words to Gertrude, Hamlet instructs her to not "let the bloat king tempt you again to his bed." (III, iv, 182). He is overly concerned with his mother's relationship with Claudius, and this is just a part of his complex sickness. Wilson Knight also claims that Hamlet is "inhumane." This is clearly demonstrated through his relationship with the fair Ophelia. Hamlet originally professes his love for Ophelia during his visitations to her closet, and through the love letter which he writes to her. However, during the nunnery scene, when Ophelia tries to return Hamlet's gifts, he retorts "I never gave you aught," (III, i, 97) and he goes on to tell her, "I loved you not" (III, i, 119). Later in this scene he tells Ophelia that she should go to a nunnery. He viciously insults the women whom he said he loved, and this greatly disturbs her. During The Mousetrap, Hamlet once again has no regard for Ophelia's feelings, and he mocks her by putting his head in her lap and bantering with her. Hamlet is also responsible for the death of Ophelia's father, Polonius. In the closet scene, Hamlet mistook her father for the king, and he fatally stabbed him. Gertrude called this "a rash and bloody deed" (III, iii, 27). He later s hows that he has no remorse for this inhumane actions when he tells Claudius that Polonius is "at supper...not where he eats, but where he is eaten" (IV, ii, 18-20). Hamlet's harsh and cruel treatment of Ophelia and his murder of her father lead to the madness which eventually overtook her. She became distraught by Hamlet's rejection and the death of her father. This

The great gatsby bildungsroman Essay

The great gatsby bildungsroman Essay The great gatsby bildungsroman Essay There are few things more American than crusty fruit-filled treat, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and a great, antiquated Bildungsroman (the recent being a German word, however I'm ready to look past it on the off chance that you are). A Bildungsroman is a transitioning story, an account in which the principle character develops and ends up as the story advances. We, as perusers, have the capacity really be display for the scenes of clash that shapes the character into who he inevitably gets to be. We are truly there with the character the entire adventure, importance there's no I-ponder what-made-him-turn-out-thusly addresses in our personalities. Imprint Twain's Huckleberry Finn takes after this structure as Huck encounters a standard transformation by grappling with his own convictions and practicing self-sufficiency from his general public. Before all else of the novel, we get with Huck where we exited him in Tom Sawyer. His existence with the Widow is agreeable, secure, and "sivilized". Truth be told, Huck reports, "at the outset I detested the school, yet before long I got so I could stand it...i was getting used to the widow's ways, as well, they warn't so rough on me...i like the old ways best, yet I was getting so I preferred the new ones, as well, a smidgen. The widow said I was going along moderate however beyond any doubt, and doing exceptionally acceptable (p. 27)". Huck is still a young person, in any case, and loves to mess around with alternate children and to lie and twist stories for his own delight. He once in a while contemplates the outcomes of his activities and neglects to see the effect it has on others. The primary sign of progress in Huck, on the other hand, is after he plays a trick on Jim by making him accept he was envisioning, "It was fifteen prior minutes I could work myself up to go and humble myself to a nigger- -yet I done it, and I warn't ever sad for it thereafter, not one or the other. I didn't do him no more mean traps, and I wouldn't done that one on the off chance that I'd a knowed it would make him feel that way (p. 95)". This demonstrates a momentous feeling of compassion and obligation, particularly considering the way that Jim is a typical slave that may have been viewed as unimportant property as of now ever. In section XXIV, Huck witnesses the Duke and King confer shocking misrepresentation by lying about their characters to a family grieving the passing of a friend or family member. He says, "In the event that they warn't the beatenest parcel, them two cheats, that ever I struck. That being said, the men assembled around, and sympathized with them, and said assorted types of kind diminishes to tem, and conveyed their floor covering packs up a slope for them, and let them incline toward them and cry, and educated the ruler all concerning his sibling's last minutes, and the lord he let it know once more staring him in the face to the duke, and both of them tackled about that dead tanner like they'd lost the twelve pupils. All things considered, in the event that I ever struck anything like it, I'm a nigger. It was sufficient to make a body embarrassed about humankind (p.175-76)". Claiming to be another person is a strategy Huck has utilized every now and again up until this point (and con siderably after). How significant, then, that Huck considers their activities enough to make him "embarrassed about humanity" considering the way that they are white men. Obviously, we have the capacity see that Huck is starting to

The Implementation Of The Localism Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

The Implementation Of The Localism Act - Essay Example In the United Kingdom, there is a remarkably high demand for social housing. Local authorities have had long waiting lists for individuals who intend to have access to social housing.2 Many individuals considered for social housing are those with a high vulnerability to becoming homeless. Therefore, the local authorities conduct reviews of all applicants and identify the situations of applicants that qualify them for accommodation.3 For many years, social housing has served to prevent homelessness in the United Kingdom. The introduction of the Localism Act allows local authority property owners to define new terms of fixed tenancies. Fixed tenancies offer the flexibility that defines the private rented sector.4 Opponents of the Localism Act have argued that the law will bring about positive changes, motivating individuals to take in for social housing to work hard and become homeowners. On the other hand, there are increasing critics who do not support the Localism Act, highlighting that it may present more cases of homelessness as well as anxieties and uncertainties of expiring fixed tenancies.5 This paper will critically analyse parliaments move to diminish the security of tenure of local authority tenants to the level provided by the privately rented sector. The emergence of social housing in the United Kingdom was a venture towards helping workers to upgrade from poor quality private rented homes to the remarkable housing at cheaper rates. Social housing began in the early 1970s, and it has exhibited remarkable growth to play a critical role in low-income families.6 The shift from providing accommodation to workers to a needs-based approach seeks to reduce homelessness. In 2014, social housing accounted for about 17% and 24% of the residential areas in England and Scotland respectively.

First Draft about crepe restaurant in Japan Essay

First Draft about crepe restaurant in Japan - Essay Example Japan has been confronted with a fiscal dilemma in its budgeting; therefore an increase in taxation in order to meet the government expenses will be inevitable. On the other hand, establishing a business in Japan is accompanied by diverse legal requirements, some of which are difficult to obtain. The licenses are not only expensive but also a rigorous process is involved in their acquisition. Another politically motivated aspect is the continued deflation, which could cause the bank of Japan to engage in purchase of more government bonds, which could present crises. Political instability including mass protests and strikes can cause the closure of restaurants hence causing a reduction in the amount of profit that could have been obtained. Another risk is competitiveness with companies that have political backing. In so doing, such companies are able to source raw materials at a friendly price and ends up reducing the cost of their foods and drinks. This is a form of unfairness in com petition. If there is lack of political goodwill, the restaurant can fail to stand irrespective of the high level of investment. However, the Japanese government is very stable hence, political risk is minimized. The political risk of doing business in Japan is relatively low compared to other regions (Sigurdson 469). Therefore, Crepe will stand the torrents of time to emerge a successful restaurant in Japan if unprecedented political activities do not occur. The government encourages businesses in Japan in order to steer economic growth in the country. The Japanese are more inclined to existing in groups. This is founded on the emphasis on what the Japanese call amae. This is a concept relating to the social being as well as individual beliefs. It entails looking at others as a way of being socially interdependent. As young children grow, the concept of working and living together is instilled (Kepler, P., Royse & Kepler, J. 170). Therefore, a group forms the core of

Indiana Religious Freedom Restoration Act Research Paper

Indiana Religious Freedom Restoration Act - Research Paper Example In addition, the team conducted a research of former attempts that have been made in addressing the issue in question (Payne, 2015). The subsequent part of the essay covers the stakeholder analysis where issues related to them have been discussed. The section also provides the stakeholders who are adversely affected by the problem associated with the Act. The stakeholders have different objectives that are with policies that are implemented by the relevant institutions. Conversely, the section discusses how stakeholders are affected by the implementation of the Act. The next section provides alternative solutions that can be used to resolve the issue related to the Indiana Religious Act. In addition, an evaluation of the possible outcomes of the alternatives has been provided. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the alternatives given to mitigating the problem that arise from the application of the policy in the business environment. Lastly, the last section provides the anticipated future trend of the problem (Robertson and Pà ©rez-Peà ±a, 2015). The Act was introduced in Indiana after it was enacted by the Governor of the State. One of the problems that have been widely associated with the Act is that it discriminates certain groups of people in the society. Critics argue that the move to introduce the policy was intended to exclude particular groups such as the gay community in the business sector. In the year 1993, President Bill Clinton signed a law allowing states to have their religious laws. The senators who participated passing the law voted overwhelming in support of the law. However, it was established the Indiana State operated in contrast to the legislation of the federal government. The decision to allow states to come up with their religion created a loophole in the legal system where the state of Indiana legalized gay marriage. The decision to allow gay marriage in State came with negative implications especially to

History and Concepts of Human Rights

History and Concepts of Human Rights A. HISTORY + CONCEPTS OF HUMAN RIGHTS 1. What were the major conceptual and historical influences on the drafting of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights? The major conceptual and historical influences on the drafting of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights had began at the beginning of the Second World War then the prominent scholars of that time started writing about the importance of Human Rights. The prominent British utopian writer H. G. Wells launched a campaign to bring Human Rights to the attention of the public at large. In yearly 1940s Wells, had written a lot of works concerning with the issue of Human Rights. Hence he entitled one of his books The Right of Man or What Are We Fighting For? He spoke or corresponded with any leading figures of the time, including Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt, Jan Masaryk, Gandhi and many others, who at the end of the war would draft the preamble of the United Nations Charter and Universal Declaration of Human Right. Many other individuals and NGOs added their contributions, such as the journalist Clarence Streit published his book Union Now: A Proposal, urging all democra tic nations to unite on behalf of individual freedoms and what he called â€Å"the rights of man.† (Paul Gordon Lauren, 2003). Freeman (2002, p.32) points that the period from French Revolution to the Second World War was the dark age of the concept of human rights.. So, one can say that, at the end of the Second World War, the people had realized the importance of the concept of Human Rights. 2. What were the main contemporary events influencing the drafting of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The campaign reminds us that in a world still reeling from the horrors of the Second World War, the Declaration was the first global statement of what we now take for granted the inherent dignity and equality of all human beings.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon (2008) From his words one can say that the main event which had great influence on drafting of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights was the Second World War. The horror of the Second World War made international community to act towards human rights and to prevent future wars. 3. How would you describe the competing conceptions of rights that existed during the period of the Cold War? In 1976, the two conventions finally came into force with thirty-five states ratifying them. The two conventions were the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Why two covenants? The Cold War was still firmly in place, and the focus of the two political blocs (U.S. and the USSR) had very different emphases on what counted as human rights. The U.S. bloc focused on civil and political rights, while the Soviet bloc focused more on economic and social rights. The Commission wisely drafted two separate conventions to reflect this difference in focus (Centre on Law Globalization n.d.). 4. With reference to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and to the concept of ‘dignity, outline the human rights perspective on torture. Article 5 of the UDHR states that â€Å"[n]o one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment†, and the prohibition against torture and abuse is now codified in a number of international and regional treaties to which many countries are a party, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the UN Convention Against Torture. The prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment is absolute and non-derogable. Unfortunately, violations of this most prized human right occur routinely in many prisons, although they are sanctioned by official policy (Human Rights Watch 2009). 5. Outline and characterize in not more than 75 words the relationship between religious freedom and gender equality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  To resolve conflicts between the two sets of rights, we need balancing approach based on facts. The factors that she highlights as important to consider when the rights clash include: the relationship between the equality right and the goal of gender equality, the importance of the religious practice to the right of religious freedom, the degree of infringement, the relation of other human rights to the conflict, the cumulative effects of religious limitations on womens rights, and the proportionality of restrictions on religious laws (NYU of Law 2009). 6. Why does Donnelly (Donnelly 2003, pp.22-37 204-224) argue that individuals, rather than groups, are the proper subject of human rights? Donnelly (2003 p.25) argues that if human rights are the rights that one has simply as a human being, then only human beings have human rights; if one is not a human being, by definition one cannot have human rights. Because only individual persons are human beings, it would seem that only individuals can have human rights. 7. Identify and discuss in no more than 75 words the impact of TWO events on the expansion of human rights in the last ten years. From my point view one of the events is the end of Cold War Era and second is Terrorism. The end of Cold War had opened new borders for spreading the concept of Human Rights. The second event which had an impact on the expansion of human rights is Terrorism. Nowadays Terrorism is the most threat to anyone, and this â€Å"word† is everywhere and lots of people are suffering. So these two events had a great impact on the expansion of human rights. B. INTERNATIONAL MACHINERY 8. Explain the difference between a declaration and a treaty. A treaty is a legally binding convention, coming into force upon ratification by a certain number of States. A declaration is not legally binding but carries moral weight because it is adopted by the international community (UN 2009) 9. Which international treaty has the most ratifications, and how many? More countries have ratified the Convention than any other human rights treaty in history-192 countries had become State Parties to the Convention as of November 2005 (UNICEF 2009). 10. Which rights are non-derogable under the ICCPR? What does this mean? According to the Article 4, section 2 of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) no derogation from articles 6, 7, 8 (paragraphs I and 2), 11, 15, 16 and 18 may be made under this provision. Well this means that sates can not ‘take measures derogating from their obligations []‘ (International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966) 11. Identify a case under the ICCPR Optional Protocol where the Committee has found in favour of the petitioner. Supply the citation for the case and summarise the Committees view in not more than 75 words. Article I of the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1976) states that a State Party to the Covenant that becomes a Party to the present Protocol recognizes the competence of the Committee to receive and consider communications from individuals subject to its jurisdiction who claim to be victims of a violation by that State Party of any of the rights set forth in the Covenant. No communication shall be received by the Committee if it concerns a State Party to the Covenant which is not a Party to the present Protocol. Well, Optional Protocol allows individuals to complain to the Human Rights Committee about violations of the Covenant. 12. In 100 words state what in your view was the most significant issue raised by the UN Human Rights Committee in its recent review of Finland and why. Finlands State Secretary of Political Affairs, Dr. Teija Tiilikainen (2008), said that despite progress the country still struggles with cases of racism and intolerance. Looking through the Universal Periodic Review, I made a conclusion that Finland still facing problems like discrimination, racism and xenophobic attitudes. In my opinion the most significant issue raised by UN Human Rights Committee is racism and intolerance. The issues of racism and intolerance were raised by UN because, from the history we can see that all these destabilisations within the country like racism, intolerance were bringing the country to the humanitarian crisis. 13. How does the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child define a child? Article 1 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) defines child as, [] every human being below the age of eighteen years unless under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier. 14. What has to happen before the UN Convention on the Rights of Disabled People enters into force? Before the UN Convention on the Rights of Disabled People came into force, the UN established an Ad Hoc Committee â€Å"to consider proposals for a comprehensive and integral international convention to promote and protect the rights and dignity of persons with disabilities, based on the holistic approach in the work done in the fields of social development, human rights and non-discrimination and taking into account the recommendations of the Commission on Human Rights and the Commission for Social Development.† (ENABLE 2007). 15. What reservation has Argentina made to CEDAW? What is the impact of this reservation? The Government of Argentina declares that it does not consider itself bound by article 29, paragraph 1, of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (Bayefsky 2008). 16. Who is the current United Nations Special Rapporteur on Trafficking in Persons and when was she appointed? The current United Nations Special Rapporteur on Trafficking in Persons is Ms. Joy Ngozi Ezeilo from Nigeria. She was appointed in June 2008 (United Nations Human Rights 2009). C. REGIONAL MACHINERY 17. Who is entitled to submit individual complaints under the European, American and African regional human rights systems and to which particular regional bodies? According to the Article 34 of the Convention for the protection of Human Rights (2003) the court may receive applications from any person [] claiming to be the victim of violation by []. Article 19 of the same Convention states, to ensure the observance of the engagements undertaken by the High Contracting Parties in the Convention and the Protocols thereto, there shall be set up a European Court of Human Rights, hereinafter referred to as the Court. It shall function on a permanent basis (European Court of Human Rights 2009). So basically, other regional human rights systems are established almost in the same way of European. 18. How many States are currently members of the Council of Europe? Which State is the most recent member? Which States special guest status has been suspended due to its lack of respect for human rights and democratic principles? Cite your source(s). Currently members of the Council of Europe are 47 countries. The most recent member is Montenegro, which joined the Council of Europe on 11th May 2007 (Council of Europe 2009). In January 1997 the Bureau of the Parliamentary Assembly decided to suspend the special guest status for the Parliament of Belarus. As a result, the consideration of Belarus application for membership in the Council of Europe was suspended, and the bilateral Cooperation Programme was frozen (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus 2009). 19. What Conventions has the Council of Europe adopted which offer specific protection for minorities? There are several Conventions adopted by Council of Europe for the protection of minorities, such as European Convention on the repatriation of minors, European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages and Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (Council of Europe 2009). 20. When did the European Convention for the Prevention of Torture come into force and how many States are currently parties to it? What monitoring and/or enforcement machinery did the Convention establish and what does it do? European Convention for the Prevention of Torture came into force on 1st March 2002 and it is ratified by 47 states. The Convention operates in relation to persons who allege that they are victims of violations of Article3 and the main purpose of the Convention is to protect people from torture (Council of Europe 2009). 21. When did the Inter-American Convention on the Forced Disappearance of Persons come into force? How does it define forced disappearance? The Inter-American Convention on the Forced Disappearance of Persons came into force on May 28 1996 (The Secretariat for Legal Affairs n.d.). Article second of Inter-American Convention on the Forced Disappearance of Persons (1994) defines that forced disappearance is considered to be the act of depriving a person or persons of his or their freedom, in whatever way, perpetrated by agents of the state or by persons or groups of persons acting with the authorization, support, or acquiescence of the state, followed by an absence of information or a refusal to acknowledge that deprivation of freedom or to give information on the whereabouts of that person, thereby impeding his or her recourse to the applicable legal remedies and procedural guarantees (The Secretariat for Legal Affairs n.d.). 22. Under what authority can States denounce the American Convention on Human Rights? When did Trinidad Tobago denounce the ACHR and why? According to the Article 78 of the American Convention on Human Rights (1969), The States Parties may denounce this Convention at the expiration of a five-year period from the date of its entry into force and by means of notice given one year in advance. Notice of the denunciation shall be addressed to the Secretary General of the Organization, who shall inform the other States Parties. The Denunciation of Trinidad and Tobago was notified in May 26, 1998, and denunciation was because of death penalty (The Secretariat for Legal Affairs n.d.). 23. When was Algerias 3rd and 4th periodic reports (submitted in September 2006) examined by the African Commission? To whom does the report say capital punishment does not apply in Algeria? Algerias 3rd and 4th periodic reports were examined by the African Commission on it 42nd Ordinary Session from 15th to 28th of November in 2007 (African Commission on Human and Peoples Rights 2009). Capital punishment is not applicable to minors aged 13 to 18.Article 50 of the Criminal Code provides that â€Å"should be decided that a minor aged between 13 to 18 must be given criminal sentence []. (Peoples Democratic Republic of Algeria. African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights, Third and fourth periodical reports, 2006, p.13) 24. What instrument established the African Court of Human and Peoples Rights? What jurisdiction does the Court have? Is it operational? The African Court of Human and Peoples Rights was established by African Charter of Human and Peoples Rights (African International Courts and Tribunals n. d.). The Court has the competence to take final and binding decisions on human rights violations perpetrated by AU Member States. The competence of the African Court on Human and Peoples Rights is based on its jurisdiction and the law that it will apply when exercising this jurisdiction (African Court on Human and Peoples Rights n. d.).The Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights Establishing the ACHPR entered into force on January 25, 2004 upon its ratification by fifteen member states. The statute of the ACHPR has not yet been promulgated and a seat for the court has yet to be determined, therefore much of the data regarding its functioning is not yet available (African International Courts and Tribunals n. d.). But the main functions of the Court has been set up, As mentioned above The Court has the competence to take final and binding decisions on human rights violations perpetrated by AU Member States (African Court on Human and Peoples Rights n. d.). All together one can say that it is operational but not all of its functions have been set up. 25. When was the Arab League established? List its current membership. Why was Egypts membership suspended in 1979? What happened as a result? When was Egypt readmitted? Arab League was established in 1945. The current members are 22 countries: Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen (Al-bab n. d.). The membership of Egypt was stopped, because in 1979 Egypt signed a peace treaty with Israel. As a result the headquarters was moved from Cairo to Tunis. Egypt was readmitted to the league in 1989 and the leagues headquarters was moved back to Cairo (Pan Arab n. d.). Bibliography Books Donnelly J 2003, Universal Human Rights in theory and practice, 2nd edn, Cornell University Press, New York, USA. Freeman M 2002, Human Rights, Polity Press, Cambridge, UK Lauren P G 2003, The evolution of international human rights: visions seen, 2nd edn, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, USA. Electronic Sources African International Courts and Tribunals (n. d.) The African Court on Human and Peoples Rights. Available at: http://www.aict-ctia.org/courts_conti/achpr/achpr_home.html (Accessed: 15 November 2009) African Court on Human and Peoples Rights (n. d.) General information. Available at: http://www.african-court.org/en/court/mandate/general-information/ (Accessed: 15 November 2009 ) African Commission on Human and Peoples Rights (2009) Status on Submission of State Initial/Periodic Reports to the African Commission. Available at: http://www.achpr.org/english/_info/statereport_considered_en.html (Accessed: 16 November 2009) African Commission on Human and Peoples Rights (2009) Peoples Democratic Republic of Algeria. African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights, Third and fourth periodical reports, 2006. Available at: http://www.achpr.org/english/state_reports/Algeria/Algeria%20report_eng.pdf (Accessed: 16 November 2009 ) Articles by Brian Whitaker (n. d.) The League of Arab States. Available at: http://www.al-bab.com/Arab/docs/league.htm (Accessed: 15 November 2009) Bayefsky (n.d.) the United Nations Human Rights Treaties. Available at: http://www.bayefsky.com/pdf/argentina_t2_cedaw.pdf (Accessed: 16 November) Centre on Law Globalization (n. d.), Human Rights Fail During the Cold War. Available at: http://clg.portalxm.com/library/keytext.cfm?keytext_id=121 (Accessed 18 November) Council of Europe (2009), European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 26 November 1987. Available at: http://www.cpt.coe.int/EN/documents/ecpt.htm (Accessed 18 November) Council of Europe (2009), Complete list of the Council of Europes treaties. Available at: http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ListeTraites.asp?CM=8CL=ENG (Accessed: 16 November) Council of Europe (2009), Council of Europe in brief. Available at: http://www.coe.int/aboutCoe/index.asp?page=47pays1europel=en (Accessed: 16 November) Enable (2007), Rights and Dignity of Persons with Disabilities,. Available at: http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/enable/rights/adhoccom.htm (Accessed: 18 November) European Court of Human Rights (2009), Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms as amended by Protocol No. 11. Available at: http://www.echr.coe.int/NR/rdonlyres/D5CC24A7-DC13-4318-B457-5C9014916D7A/0/EnglishAnglais.pdf (Accessed: 16 November) Human Rights Watch (2009), Special Comment: A Human Rights Perspective on Segregating the Mentally Ill. Available at: http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/05/18/special-comment-human-rights-perspective-segregating-mentally-ill (Accessed 18 November) Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (n.d.), American Convention on Human Rights 22 November 1969. Available at: http://www.cidh.org/Basicos/English/Basic3.American%20Convention.htm (Accessed: 16 November) Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus (2009),International organizations. Available at: http://www.mfa.gov.by/en/multilateral/int_org/ref/e02a9ab26c54c943.html (Accessed: 16 November) New York University of Law (2009), Journal of International law and politics (Volume 24). Available at: http://www1.law.nyu.edu/journals/jilp/issues/24/24_2_Sullivan.html (Accessed 18 November) Pan Arab (n. d.) Members of the Arab League. Available at: http://www.arabji.com/ArabGovt/ArabLeague.htm (Accessed: 15 November 2009) The Secretariat for Legal Affairs (n.d.), American Convention on Human Rights â€Å"Pact Of San Jose, Costa Rica† 22 November 1969. Available at: http://www.oas.org/Juridico/english/Sigs/b-32.html#Trinidad%20and%20Tobago (Accessed: 16 November) The Secretariat for Legal Affairs (n.d.), Inter-American Convention on the Forced Disappearance of Persons 09 June 1994. Available at: http://www.oas.org/juridico/English/sigs/a-60.html (Accessed: 16 November) United Nations Human Rights (2009), Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children. Available at: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/trafficking/index.htm (Accessed: 16 November) United Nations Human Rights, Convention on the Rights of the Child. Available at: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/crc.htm (Accessed: 18 November) United Nations Radio (2009), Finland and Indonesia undergo human rights review. Available at: http://www.unmultimedia.org/radio/english/detail/37298.html (Accessed: 18 November) United Nations Human Rights (2009), International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Available at: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm (Accessed: 18 November) UNICEF (2009), Convention on the Rights of the Child. Available at: http://www.unicef.org/crc/index_30229.html (Accessed: 18 November) UN (2009), Human Rights at your Fingertips. Available at: http://www.un.org/rights/50/game.htm#28 (Accessed: 18 November) University of Minnesota (2009), Human rights Library. Available at: http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/b4ccprp1.htm (Accessed: 18 November) 60th Anniversary Universal Declaration of Human Rights (2008), Universal Declaration of Human Rights: 1948-2008. Available at: http://www.un.org/events/humanrights/udhr60/index.shtml (Accessed: 18 November)

Tariffs and the War on Terrorism :: Terrorists Terror September 11 Essays

Tariffs and the War on Terrorism In March 2002, the Administration of the President of the United States under George W. Bush placed a rigorous tariff on imported steel. The United States uses the protective tariffs important for two reasons, according to a press release by the Administration1. One reason is to expand the domestic economy that has, according to some experts been in a â€Å"slump† or â€Å"retraction† since spring 2001. (It was even more â€Å"aggravated† by the events of September 11) Second, to protect important-Union based steelworker jobs in the United States. The steelworker jobs are key to the â€Å"National Security of the United States†2, according to the Bush Administration. Despite Federal Reserve Chairman of the Board, Alan Greenspan, stating later in the month that the US economy was â€Å"well under way into expansion†3, the Bush Administration saw an absolute need to put into action the tariffs. The steel tariffs are going to largely affe ct many nations that are supporting the US in the â€Å"War against Terrorism†, as well as the US relations in these nations. By taking into account historical occurrences, expert analysis based on economics, and scholarly study it can be concluded that these tariffs have the potential to encompass diverse effects on the US and the alliance it has in the â€Å"War against Terrorism†. History has witnessed tariffs to have varied affects on the events that are associated with conflicts and wars. Tariffs are designed to â€Å"protect domestically made products and for the state that uses them to collect specific commodities† 4. M.J Daunton, in a The English Historical Review article5, points to the conflict amongst the European alliances and the reasons for the First World War being indirectly based on tariffs. The pre-First World War alliances were based on both security and industrial purposes. When the alliance that was set up amongst the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire, it was largely because of the resources of production and the agreements that were arranged between corporations and industries in the countries. Germany, for example, had a highly advanced steel industry and used many resources that came from the Austrian-Hungarian Empire as well as the Asian-Mediterranean Ottoman Empire. Rivaled by the Britis h and the France to their west, these countries saw â€Å"open-trade† with these competing countries as being harmful to their domestic economies and industries.